What are signs that dementia is getting worse?

As dementia advances, physical, cognitive, and behavioural changes become more pronounced. Some of the most common indicators include:

Increased Frailty

Individuals may experience weight loss, muscle weakness, and a general decline in mobility. This makes them more vulnerable to falls, infections, and other health complications.

Speech and Communication Difficulties

A person with late-stage dementia may struggle to form sentences, often speaking in single words or phrases that do not make sense. Their ability to understand conversations may also be limited, leading to frustration and confusion.

Dependency on Others for Daily Care

In the advanced stages, individuals require assistance with nearly all daily activities, including dressing, bathing, and eating. Tasks that were once manageable become increasingly difficult.

Changes in Eating and Swallowing

A reduced appetite and difficulty swallowing are common in later-stage dementia. This increases the risk of choking, dehydration, and malnutrition. Specialised care and modified diets may be necessary to ensure safe eating and drinking.

Bowel and Bladder Incontinence

Loss of control over bowel and bladder functions often occurs in the later stages. Caregivers may need to provide additional support with hygiene and continence management to ensure comfort and dignity.

Dementia usually progresses gradually, but in some cases, symptoms may worsen suddenly. This can be distressing for families, but understanding the possible causes can help in responding appropriately.

Common Causes of Sudden Decline

Delirium

Delirium is a sudden state of confusion caused by an underlying medical issue. This can be triggered by:

• Infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or pneumonia
• Medication side effects or withdrawal
• Dehydration, constipation, or a lack of sleep
• Recent anaesthesia or surgery

Identifying and treating the underlying cause of delirium can sometimes reverse the symptoms.

Stroke or Brain Injury

A stroke can cause a sudden and significant decline in cognitive function. Symptoms to look out for include:

• Sudden confusion
• Difficulty speaking
• Weakness on one side of the body
• Severe headaches or vision problems

If a stroke is suspected, urgent medical attention is required.

Changes in Routine

People with dementia rely on familiarity. Sudden changes, such as hospitalisation, moving to a care home, or a change in caregivers, can trigger increased confusion and distress. Maintaining consistency and offering reassurance can help reduce agitation.

Sundowning Syndrome

Some individuals experience increased confusion and agitation in the late afternoon or evening, a phenomenon known as sundowning. Strategies to manage sundowning include:

• Ensuring exposure to natural light during the day
• Keeping a consistent daily routine
• Reducing caffeine and sugar intake in the evening
• Providing a calm and soothing environment

Caring for a loved one in the final stage of dementia can be emotionally and physically challenging. Here are some ways to provide comfort and support during this time.

Communication and Emotional Reassurance

Even when a person is unable to respond, they may still sense the presence of loved ones. Gentle touch, playing familiar music, or speaking in a soothing voice can offer comfort.

Managing Physical Needs

As mobility declines, individuals are at risk of developing pressure ulcers and infections. Using pressure-relieving mattresses, repositioning them regularly, and maintaining hygiene can help prevent discomfort.

Pain and Symptom Management

Pain relief is crucial for ensuring comfort. If swallowing becomes difficult, medication can be administered through skin patches, injections, or syringe pumps. Consulting a healthcare professional will help determine the best approach.

Seeking Professional Support

Families should not have to navigate this journey alone. Professional carers can provide essential support with personal care, medication management, and emotional reassurance. Services like Home Instead Yeovil, Sherborne & Bridport offer compassionate home care tailored to individual needs.

Watching a loved one decline due to dementia is heart-breaking, but understanding the progression of the condition can help families provide the right care at the right time.

If you need support, Home Instead Yeovil, Sherborne & Bridport offers personalised dementia care services to help individuals maintain dignity and comfort in their own homes. Our compassionate caregivers provide tailored assistance, whether through companionship, personal care, or end-of-life support.

Read our blog to learn more about our dementia training and the steps we take to deliver exceptional dementia care at home.

Visit our Youtube Channel  – HomeTruths ; dedicated to getting real about dementia – From answering your most-searched questions to sharing inspiring personal journeys, our videos aim to shed light on dementia’s realities while offering practical tips and guidance for everyone affected.

For more information, contact Home Instead Yeovil, Sherborne & Bridport today to learn how we can support you and your loved one.